Dunderheads and Know-it-all’s: An Essay on the Treatment of Accademic Ability in Harry PotterIt is one of the more frustrating aspects of the Harry Potter series that our protagonist fails to exhibit the sort of natural flair for magic expected from the saviour of the wizarding world. We shout at the page in impotent disbelief as Harry procrastinates to the point of catastrophe throughout the Tri-Wizard tournament, struggling to master even a simple summoning charm under the tutelage of his infinitely more talented friend. Indeed, one could be forgiven for agreeing with Snape’s assessment of Harry Potter - an average boy of no exceptional talent - if not for the incongruous fact that he has repeatedly foiled the darkest wizard of his age. It is through his trysts with Voldemort that Harry at last begins to conform to the heroic ideal, utilising Gryffindor courage and perseverance to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles. This disparity highlights the curious ambiguity with which accademic ability is treated in the series.
As a non-selective accademic institution, Hogwarts must pitch itself at the largest proportion of the student body by catering primarily for students of average ability. This category of student is awarded little visibility in the series – suffice to say that the accademic performance of Lavender Brown or Susan Bones is never referenced. Instead, the vast majority of attention is focused on those students who fall outside of the mainstream. Usefully, Snape provides a terminology for these anomalous students, viz the ‘dunderheads’ and the ‘know-it-all's’. The ‘dunderheads’ comprise those students who fall short of the ideal, lacking either in aptitude or confidence; Marcus Flint, Crabbe, Goyle, Neville Longbottom, and possibly the hapless Hannah Abbott. This group contrasts with the ‘know-it-all's’ who exhibit a superfluity of both which they are not shy of advertising; Hermione, Percy and Ernie Macmillan all perpetuate the maxim that a low emotional I.Q. is the corollary to high intelligence. The first rule of law, then, is that social awkwardness is an inevitable consequence of accademic deviance.
It is significant that Snape is awarded the power to differentiate students into these categories, as he provides an illuminating case study of the consequences of such accademic prejudice. Clearly, a man capable of holding two professorships in unrelated subjects is no one’s fool, and we can take other inferences from the text that Snape was an unusually gifted student: Professor Slughorn still uses Snape as the benchmark for an exceptional Draught of Living Death nearly two decades later; Snape was creating his own spells and correcting N.E.W.T. level textbooks whilst still at school; in his Defence Against the Dark Art O.W.L. Snape wrote ‘at least a foot more than his closest neighbours, and yet his writing was minuscule and cramped’ and was studious enough to remain immersed in his question booklet even after the exam had finished. As a result, Snape was ridiculed for his conscientiousness and shunned by his peers:
‘I was watching him, his nose was touching the parchment,’ said Sirius viciously. ‘There’ll be great grease marks all over it, they won’t be able to read a word.’
Several people watching laughed; Snape was clearly unpopular.
As a result of his adolescent experiences, Snape became intellectually introverted, shrouding the true extent of his abilities. There is not a hint of his brilliance at Potions in the cold and uninspiring classroom manner. Learning the hard way that he could not rely on the plaudits of others for his sense of worth, Snape cannot stomach the sort of self-promotion he observes in Hermione. The prejudice which Snape encountered at Hogwarts may go some way to explaining how an highly intelligent wizard became attracted to a violent brotherhood which would initially appear to hold more appeal to a knuckle-dragging dunderhead.
In some ways, it should come as no surprise that the highly intelligent might become disaffected in a value system that seems to value physical vigour above the intellectual - Snape certainly seems to have felt this keenly when he sneers that ‘a small amount of talent’ on the Quidditch field entitled James Potter to strut around Hogwarts. Sirius believed that this enmity sprang from jealousy:
‘I think James was everything Snape wanted to be – he was popular, he was good at Quidditch – good at pretty much everything. And Snape was just this little oddball who was up to his eyes in the Dark Arts.’
But this is just as well for our hero, as the one area in which Harry does excel at Hogwarts is on the Quidditch pitch, with his first flying lesson providing one of the few examples of intuitive skill. Harry’s other notable talent lies in his aptitude for Defence Against the Dark Arts, a fairly physical discipline which is complimented by his athletic reflexes – reflexes which save him from one of Voldemort’s curses in the graveyard scene after his rebirth. These physical skills have stood Harry in good stead in previous encounters: flying after enchanted keys in his first year and defeating Voldemort literally with his bare hands; battling a basilisk with Gryffindor’s sword; dodging curses from Voldemort in the Riddle graveyard; and duelling with his followers both in the Ministry of Magic and at Hogwarts on the night of the Death Eater security breach. For all his mediocrity in a dusty classroom, Harry is able to apply his knowledge to real-life situations. In contrast, despite her superior intellect, it is Hermione who cowers from a mountain troll, Hermione who is knocked unconscious during the Ministry of Magic duel and Hermione who falls for Snape’s trickery on the night of Dumbledore’s death. So not only will those heavy N.E.W.T. textbooks wreak havoc with your posture and social life, they may just mark you as Voldemort’s next victim.
‘Books! And cleverness! There are more important things – friendship and bravery’ – ironically, this is one of the most important lessons which students take from their education at Hogwarts.